NEEDS ANALYSIS FOR DEVELOPING A PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING-BASED ELECTRONIC STUDENT WORKSHEET (E-LKPD) TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING AND SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS ON TEMPERATURE AND HEATHEET (E-LKPD) TO IMPROVE STUDENT’ CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING AND SCIENCE PROCESS SKILL ON TEMPERATURE AND HEAT

Abstract

            Physics learning in the Merdeka Curriculum requires students to develop conceptual understanding and science process skills through student-centered learning. However, observations conducted at SMAN 1 Sungai Geringging revealed that physics instruction remains dominated by conventional teaching methods. Printed student worksheets have not adequately facilitated scientific inquiry, resulting in students experiencing difficulties in understanding the concepts of temperature and heat. This study aimed to analyze the need for developing a Problem-Based Learning (PBL)-based Electronic Student Worksheet (E-LKPD) to support the improvement of students’ conceptual understanding and science process skills. The study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D model and was limited to the Define stage, including front-end analysis, learner analysis, task analysis, concept analysis, and learning objective analysis. Data were collected through observations, interviews, questionnaires, and diagnostic tests and analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative approaches. The findings showed that 52.2% of students experienced misconceptions, 40.9% lacked conceptual understanding, and only 6.6% demonstrated adequate conceptual understanding of temperature and heat. Furthermore, students’ science process skills were generally classified as low to moderate, with the lowest score obtained for the questioning indicator (28.90%). The novelty of this study lies in providing a comprehensive needs analysis that integrates the characteristics of the temperature and heat topic, Problem-Based Learning syntax, science process skills indicators, and the Liveworksheet platform as the foundation for designing a digital E-LKPD. These findings provide empirical evidence for the preliminary design of the proposed E-LKPD and offer practical guidance for physics teachers in developing inquiry-oriented digital learning materials aligned with the objectives of the Merdeka Curriculum. The validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the proposed E-LKPD will be investigated in the subsequent stages of the development research